What type of ship best fits the Science Career path these days and why? Also can anyone link me a build for that said ship? I am starting my new alt and looking for helpful information. Thanks in advance.

All 3 shiptypes work with a Sci.. It depends on what you want to do.. Heal, damage or debuff..

Most do SV or Escort

definately, any of them could work.

What do you want that alt to do? DPS, tanking or CC/Debuff?

PvE wise I'd say definitely go for an escort, no matter the career, it's STO on super easy turbo mode.

Load it up with dual heavy cannons and turrets and you'll shred through any npc ship in seconds. If equipped correctly, it's more then tanky enough to deal with any ship.

For early tiers load it with a quantum torp for added burst.

Unfortunately I can not give a proper answer as those before me already have. However I can say this: Science Vessels compliment a Science Captain very well. Though I am an Engineer I could prove to be quite deadly in a SV. I've never played Sci, let alone Tac, so I don't know the career abilities. Anyone can be effective in anything. It just takes time to learn the ship. Build a proper setup that suites your play style and getting all the proper equipment.

Use a ship that fits your playstyle and toon concept. My main fed science toon flies an Excelsior, I built that toon for space and ground healing.. However I have an engineer in a DSSV, I find RSF and the +25% shields science vessels receive to be a great shield tank. Borg Shields + 100 shield power makes doing that crazy easy.

Just have fun, if you enjoy the ship toss your science toon into the thing. There really is no bad combo.

Tac slots tend to do well with Sci toons, as well. The key is to keep you Aux up and have your weak power settings countered with batteries and BOFF powers. But a well laid out Sci toon with a couple of the Tac BOFF powers can Alpha, Beta, and Gama strike, then key Tac hull heals and buffs and Sci shield heals and buffs and do it all again in a few seconds.

This is a loaded question. There is no BEST SHIP for a science officer.. My Science Officer who has my name, Deanna - Flies the "Knotty Girl" Intrepid class. Now, 6 months ago it was just a lowly science vessel. But, when someone in a science vessel takes first place in Klingon Scout Force with some cruisers in the mix (I think I had the only sci vessel) - REMEMBER : It's not the size of the ship, it's actually the skills of the captain that will win the battle. With the proper amount of respec skills and science skills, you can have a vessel that's built for battle with one of the smallest hull strengths in the game.
In the end, it really depends on your play style, and right now, the science vessel I fly is the best that it can be.

<Funny story> I was in a pvp last night, and I had a mix of sci/cruisers.. I said "everyone stay together" and then the reply I got was "You might want to stay together with us" - I was the second highest damage dealer. Yeah, the "Knotty GIrl" can handle a lot. ANY ship you fly will suffer with 3 or 4 ships attacking, doesn't matter what you have.