I was wondering what STO included starships would be able to land on a planets surface?

That the Intrepid Class and B'Rel Bird of Prey are landable i know, but which could also?

All KDF Raider Class Ships should be landable, cause they are all Bird of Preys.

All runabouts
All shuttles
All fighters
The Ferengi maruader can land
The defiant can land so most other small (lame) escorts probably can

and Ships piloted by Trois can land ONCE

I believe in canon the only Fed ships that can land are Intrepid (therefore the Yger and Jupp Classes), Nova (therefore Rode Island Class) and Defiant, I think all three have landing gears on there MSD's, and the Intrepid landed on screen.
Logical most ships smaller than the Constitution should be able to land.

Also not all KDF raiders should be able to land, as some (as most are larger than the Battlecruisers.

1) STO size and actual canon size are not related variables

2) It's not purely about size. A ship has to be designed to be atmosphere capable *and* have the necessary equipment to both land in a controlled fashion, and then take off again without assistance. (Jem'Hedar fighters for example, while comparable/smaller than a Defiant aren't atmosphere capable craft).

The Long Range Science Vessel can also land. I wouldn't be surprised if some of the other science ships could land as well.

I bet it has to do with whether or not the particular ship class is built in planetary environments, or built in orbital dry docks. If its built in space then they might not bother fitting it with landing gear, or even care about designing its hull to withstand high gravity. If its built on a planet then obviously it needs to be able to take off without exploding.

Memory Alpha also lists a lot more shipyards than I expected. There is also a "Marin County Starfleet Yard" that is a surface shipyard on Earth.

http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Federation_shipyards

Not just landing gear but also conventional thrusters, since fusion thrusters can't be used in atmosphere. Most Federation designs have the ability to separate the saucer section from the star drive and use the saucer as an emergency landing craft. Design drawings for the Constitution class even included landing gear tucked away in the saucer section.
None of our shuttles rely on aerodynamics to generate lift, all have some kind of anti gravity field capability, probably some kind of subspace field generated by the warp drive that nullifies it's mass, so it likely depends on how much of the ships interior volume would be set aside for thruster fuel/reaction mass in a ships design that decides if it's capable of a recoverable landing.

Imagine trying to land the DSSV with its dangly sensor module.

These things are designed for warp dynamics and as a result most are too top heavy to balance on a planet.
Thats why we transport everywhere.

I imagine you want to land your ship so it can be part of ground maps.
One logistical issue ingame is that if you just scale up the regular ship model, it will look terrible.
Currently the ship models are no longer than the height of a regular NPC.

While it would be nice to have large ship model as part of the ground map, landed or crash. It would be difficult on the developer's part.
However, if they ever do large and detailed ship model, it would be nice to add some EVA mission, PvP, or PvE where you fight outside of a ship like how they did with the Borg in First Contact.

Any ship can land. Whether it can launch and not require repairs is another story.

Not exactly. While anti-grav units did exist, and were in use by the federation (mostly on smaller cargo or personnel transport units) there is no "mass effect" per se in the star trek verse. The closest thing you get is the warp field, which is (to put it simply) a bubble of subspace that allows for super-liminal travel by changing the properties of space-time in the area around a ship, not by negating the mass of an object.