If you want to know how many ships Starfleet has (or had) go and count the wrecks at Wolf 359. Also I guess they'll have recovered from that by now.

Just as how the show varied the size of the Federation [as mentioned above], there is no answer here. It's "whatever the writer needs it to be".

Everything recent has pointed to Starfleet being very large, however. Anachronisms like the uniqueness of Starfleet Academy [as if the military organisation of hundreds of homeworlds and thousands of colonies would have just a single campus!], or the size of the fleet at Wolf 359... don't really help.

I don't recall the Klingons ever defeating the Feds militarily in the shows or films. And if we're talking STO, let's be straight: there has never been a total all out fight between all the klingon players and all the fed players. I'll wager the number of Fed captains outnumber the Klingons by 5-10 to one. If pvp queues had 12 feds and 3 Klingons I'll bet on the feds. If numbers count for power the Feds would be drinking Chateau Picard in the ruins of the Great Hall by now, and would have won the war long since. Sure, ESD would be toast too, but they'd be near extinction if the fight were fought on the scale of the player allegiances.

I to find it weird that there is only one campus and Wolf 359 had so few ships.

I rationalize that the federation had been only keeping top notch ships in use up until the dominion war and then they put in quickly retrofitted old ships that could barely fly and then went into overhaul to get more ships out asap. they were at war and did similar to the us during world war two and went from small army to large army over night. They also porbably lowered the enterance requirements and allowed more academies to opened on places such as vulcan and graduated people after a short time teaching them minimal knowledge. after the dominon war ended they probably kept the other academies but put back in the old requirements when the klingons declared war they probably again went into overhaul. how else do you think an ensign or lieutenant ever got a captains chair a a new ship every rank.

we also have to keep in mind the federation is at war with the klingons, the borg, the undine. as well as dealing with occasional romulan issues and the true way terrorist group. the federation is engaged on many fronts and is more than likely holding to the ideals of the old age of protecting all life by absolutly going military mad and exhasting any resources they can get their hands on.

P.S. it was mentioned many times in the dominon war by the dominon that without the federation the allies would be toast but they could care less about the other allied powers. it was also implied many times that although the federation could not do it alone they were the main driving force behind the dominon war. the only downside to this is that they suffered most as mentioned in insurrection the next gen movie (i think that was the name of the movie) anyway the alien guy says to the admiral how the federation is weak because of the dominon war and all the various borg attacks.

Only officers go to the academy, most personnel on ships are enlisted members like Chief O'Brian. so each ship might only have a couple dozen officers on ships like galaxies or sovereigns. smaller ships like nova class and defiant class would likely have a dozen officers tops.

as for so few ships showing up at Wolf 359, you have to remember, that was basically a hasty defense against an unknown enemy, if they realy knew how powerful the borg were, there would likely have been a bigger fleet.

Technically, no.
But that is of course because the writers would not allow that...ever.
On the only occasion that shows that it would be possible for the Klingons to win, it was only
done because at the end of that particular episode the scenario was erased:
In "Yesterday's Enterprise" Picard told Garrett that Starfleet Command thought that defeat was
inevitable and that the Enterprise-C could not affect that outcome with its presence, only by
going back and preventing the war in the first place.
So it's possible in theory, but since since Starfleet are the good guys they will remain undefeated forever.

Actually, in the "Prime" timeline, we know of at least two wars that ended in at least a stalemate. The first, and arguably most famous, is the Earth-Romulan War in the 22nd century. I think it's pretty obvious that war ended in a stalemate, because it seems unlikely that a "Neutral Zone" would be set up if one side or the other lost. The other is the first conflict with the Cardassians in the 24th century (before TNG). Again, it doesn't seem like that either the Federation or the Cardassians won or lost that war, since niether side didn't seem to lose or gain territory. It also took another war to decide whatever hostilities still existed between the two powers.

You could also argue that the Klingon-Federation Quasi War during the 4th and early 5th seasons of DS9 was another stalemate, mostly due to 1) mitigating circumstances with the Dominion and 2) the writers really weren't too fond of the Klingons as the enemy.

Klingons obviously have 18/00.

However, Feds have a 18 in Wisdom, making them ideal for spellcastes.

Wait... wrong game.

It is whatever I say it is. But I'm not saying.

Being a stat geek I regularly count the Faction ratios. At peak hours you will find 4 Feds for every 1 Kling and at all other times there are 8 Feds for every 1 Kling.